Asbestos, a safety concern for all homes built before 1970...
What Is Asbestos?
Asbestos is a mineral fiber. It can be positively identified only with a special type of
microscope. There are several types of asbestos fibers. In the past, asbestos was added to a variety of
products to strengthen them and to provide heat insulation and fire resistance.
How Can Asbestos Affect My
Health?
From studies of people who were exposed to asbestos in factories and
shipyards, we know that breathing high levels of asbestos fibers can lead to an increased risk of:
The risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma increases with the number of fibers
inhaled. The risk of lung cancer from inhaling asbestos fibers is also greater if you smoke. People who get
asbestosis have usually been exposed to high levels of asbestos for a long time. The symptoms of these diseases do
not usually appear until about 20 to 30 years after the first exposure to asbestos.
Most people exposed to small amounts of asbestos, as we all are in our daily lives,
do not develop these health problems. However, if disturbed, asbestos material may release asbestos fibers, which
can be inhaled into the lungs. The fibers can remain there for a long time, increasing the risk of disease.
Asbestos material that would crumble easily if handled, or that has been sawed, scraped, or sanded into a powder,
is more likely to create a health hazard.
Where Can I Find Asbestos And When Can
It Be A Problem?
Most products made today do not contain asbestos. Those few products made
which still contain asbestos that could be inhaled are required to be labeled as such. However, until the 1970s,
many types of building products and insulation materials used in homes contained asbestos. Common products that
might have contained asbestos in the past, and conditions which may release fibers, include:
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Steam pipes, boilers and furnace ducts insulated with an asbestos blanket or asbestos
paper tape. These materials may release asbestos fibers if damaged, repaired, or removed
improperly.
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Resilient floor tiles (vinyl asbestos, asphalt, and rubber), the backing on vinyl sheet
flooring, and adhesives used for installing floor tile. Sanding tiles can release fibers. So may
scraping or sanding the backing of sheet flooring during removal.
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Cement sheet, millboard, and paper used as insulation around furnaces and woodburning
stoves. Repairing or removing appliances may release asbestos fibers. So may cutting, tearing, sanding,
drilling, or sawing insulation.
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Door gaskets in furnaces, wood stoves, and coal stoves. Worn seals can release asbestos
fibers during use.
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Soundproofing or decorative material sprayed on walls and ceilings. Loose, crumbly, or
water-damaged material may release fibers. So will sanding, drilling, or scraping the
material.
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Patching and joint compounds for walls and ceilings, and textured paints. Sanding,
scraping, or drilling these surfaces may release asbestos.
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Asbestos cement roofing, shingles, and siding. These products are not likely to release
asbestos fibers unless sawed, dilled, or cut.
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Artificial ashes and embers sold for use in gas-fired fireplaces. Also, other older
household products such as fireproof gloves, stove-top pads, ironing board covers, and certain
hairdryers.
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Automobile brake pads and linings, clutch facing, and gaskets.
Where Asbestos Hazards May Be Found In The
Home:
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Some roofing and siding shingles are made of asbestos cement.
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Houses built between 1930 and 1950 may have asbestos as insulation.
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Asbestos may be present in textured paint and in patching compounds used on wall and
ceiling joints. Their use was banned in 1977.
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Artificial ashes and embers sold for use in gas-fired fireplaces may contain
asbestos.
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Older products such as stove-top pads may have some asbestos compounds.
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Walls and floors around woodburning stoves may be protected with asbestos paper,
millboard, or cement sheets.
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Asbestos is found in some vinyl floor tiles and the backing on vinyl sheet flooring and
adhesives.
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Hot water and steam pipes in older houses may be coated with an asbestos material or
covered with an asbestos blanket or tape.
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Oil and coal furnaces and door gaskets may have asbestos insulation.
What Should Be Done About Asbestos In
The Home?
If you think asbestos may be in your home,
don't panic, usually the best thing is to leave asbestos material that is in good condition alone. Generally,
material in good condition will not release asbestos fibers. There is no danger unless fibers are released
and inhaled into the lungs. Check material regularly if you suspect it may contain asbestos. Don't touch it,
but look for signs of wear or damage such as tears, abrasions, or water damage. Damaged material may release
asbestos fibers. This is particularly true if you often disturb it by hitting, rubbing, or handling it, or if
it is exposed to extreme vibration or air flow. Sometimes, the best way to deal with slightly damaged
material is to limit access to the area and not touch or disturb it. Discard damaged or worn asbestos gloves,
stove-top pads, or ironing board covers. Check with local health, environmental, or other appropriate
officials to find out proper handling and disposal procedures. If asbestos material is more than slightly
damaged, or if you are going to make changes in your home that might disturb it, repair or removal by a
professional is needed. Before you have your house remodeled, find out whether asbestos materials are
present.
How To Identify Materials That
Contain Asbestos:
You can't tell whether a
material contains asbestos simply by looking at it, unless it is labeled. If in doubt, treat the material
as if it contains asbestos or have it sampled and analyzed by a qualified professional. A professional
should take samples for analysis, since a professional knows what to look for, and because there may be
an increased health risk if fibers are released. In fact, if done incorrectly, sampling can be more
hazardous than leaving the material alone. Taking samples yourself is not recommended. If you
nevertheless choose to take the samples yourself, take care not to release asbestos fibers into the air
or onto yourself. Material that is in good condition and will not be disturbed (by remodeling, for
example) should be left alone. Only material that is damaged or will be disturbed should be sampled.
Anyone who samples asbestos-containing materials should have as much information as possible on the
handling of asbestos before sampling, and at a minimum, should observe the following procedures:
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Make sure no one else is in the room when sampling is done.
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Wear disposable gloves or wash hands after sampling.
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Shut down any heating or cooling systems to minimize the spread of any released
fibers.
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Do not disturb the material any more than is needed to take a small
sample.
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Place a plastic sheet on the floor below the area to be sampled.
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Wet the material using a fine mist of water containing a few drops of detergent
before taking the sample. The water/detergent mist will reduce the release of asbestos
fibers.
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Carefully cut a piece from the entire depth of the material using, for example, a
small knife, corer, or other sharp object. Place the small piece into a clean container (for
example, a 35 mm film canister, small glass or plastic vial, or high quality resealable plastic
bag).
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Tightly seal the container after the sample is in it.
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Carefully dispose of the plastic sheet. Use a damp paper towel to clean up any
material on the outside of the container or around the area sampled. Dispose of asbestos materials
according to state and local procedures.
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Label the container with an identification number and clearly state when and where
the sample was taken.
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Patch the sampled area with the smallest possible piece of duct tape to prevent
fiber release.
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Send the sample to an asbestos analysis laboratory accredited by the National
Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) at the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST). Your state or local health department may also be able to help.
How To Manage An Asbestos
Problem:
If the asbestos material is in good shape and
will not be disturbed, do nothing! If it is a problem, there are two types of corrections: repair and
removal. Repair usually involves either sealing or covering asbestos material. Sealing (encapsulation)
involves treating the material with a sealant that either binds the asbestos fibers together or coats the
material so fibers are not released. Pipe, furnace, and boiler insulation can sometimes be repaired this
way. This should be done only by a professional trained to handle asbestos safely. Covering (enclosure)
involves placing something over or around the material that contains asbestos to prevent release of
fibers. Exposed insulated piping may be covered with a protective wrap or jacket. With any type of repair
the asbestos remains in place. Repair is usually cheaper than removal, but it may make later removal of
asbestos, if necessary, more difficult and costly. Repairs can either be major or
minor. Major repairs must be done only by a professional trained in methods for
safely handling asbestos. Minor repairs should also be done by professionals
since there is always a risk of exposure to fibers when asbestos is disturbed.
Asbestos Professionals: Who Are They And
What They Can Do?
Asbestos professionals are
trained in handling asbestos material. The type of professional will depend on the type of product and
what needs to be done to correct the problem. You may hire a general asbestos contractor or, in some
cases, a professional trained to handle specific products containing asbestos.
Asbestos professionals can conduct home inspections, take samples of suspected material, assess
its condition, and advise about what corrections are needed and who is qualified to make these corrections.
Once again, material in good condition need not be sampled unless it is likely to be disturbed. Professional
correction or abatement contractors repair or remove asbestos materials.
Some firms offer combinations of testing, assessment, and correction. A professional hired to
assess the need for corrective action should not be connected with an asbestos-correction firm. It is better to
use two different firms so there is no conflict of interest. Services vary from one area to another around the
country.
The federal government has training courses for asbestos professionals around the country. Some
state and local governments also have or require training or certification courses. Ask asbestos professionals
to document their completion of federal or state-approved training. Each person performing work in your home
should provide proof of training and licensing in asbestos work, such as completion of EPA-approved training.
State and local health departments or EPA regional offices may have listings of licensed professionals in your
area.
If you have a problem that requires the services of asbestos professionals, check
their credentials carefully. Hire professionals who are trained, experienced, reputable, and accredited -
especially if accreditation is required by state or local laws. Before hiring a professional, ask for references
from previous clients. Find out if they were satisfied. Ask whether the professional has handled similar
situations. Get cost estimates from several professionals, as the charges for these services can
vary.
Though private homes are usually not covered by the asbestos regulations that apply
to schools and public buildings, professionals should still use procedures described during federal or
state-approved training. Homeowners should be alert to the chance of misleading claims by asbestos consultants
and contractors. There have been reports of firms incorrectly claiming that asbestos materials in homes must be
replaced. In other cases, firms have encouraged unnecessary removals or performed them improperly. Unnecessary
removals are a waste of money. Improper removals may actually increase the health risks to you and your family.
To guard against this, know what services are available and what procedures and precautions are needed to do the
job properly.
In addition to general asbestos contractors, you may select a roofing, flooring, or
plumbing contractor trained to handle asbestos when it is necessary to remove and replace roofing, flooring,
siding, or asbestos-cement pipe that is part of a water system. Normally, roofing and flooring contractors are
exempt from state and local licensing requirements because they do not perform any other asbestos-correction
work. Call 1-800-USA-ROOF for names of qualified roofing contractors in your area. (Illinois residents call
708-318-6722.) For information on asbestos in floors, read "Recommended Work Procedures for Resilient Floor
Covers." You can write for a copy from the Resilient Floor Covering Institute, 966 Hungerford Drive, Suite 12-B,
Rockville, MD 20850. Enclose a stamped, business-size, self-addressed envelope.
CAUTION!!!
Do not dust, sweep, or vacuum debris that may contain asbestos. These steps will disturb tiny asbestos
fibers and may release them into the air. Remove dust by wet mopping or with a special HEPA vacuum
cleaner used by trained asbestos contractors. |
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